Journal Cities

Who is development for?

In the ribbon-cutting photo stand the developer and the contractor. The people who will live with the space are not in the picture. The units are sold, the pro forma is closed, and by the industry's definition the project is a success. A few years later, the ground floor of that building sits dark.

We all know those streets. Districts that were developed but survive only as skeletons. Sold-out retail with empty corridors. Places people visited once and never returned to. These buildings did not fail — they were simply never designed for people. Maximize the net-to-gross, subdivide and sell, stamp out the same floor plan everywhere. There is no line item called "people" in the pro forma. In a business where a sell-out defines success, the time after completion is nobody's responsibility.

In Shibuya, Tokyo, there is Miyashita Park — an aging elevated park built in 1966. The facilities had decayed, and it had long become a place people walked around, not through. The familiar answer would have been demolition and a commercial box: erase the park, extract the floor area. The formula we all know.

They did the opposite. Instead of erasing the park, they lifted it onto the roof. Retail was woven in below, a hotel raised at one end. Reopened in 2020, this 330-meter building is a lawn and a skate park on top, street-facing commerce below, and a lane of small bars making the night at ground level. The public realm did not disappear, and the returns held. Sitting on the walking flow from Shibuya Station toward Harajuku, it became not a destination but a passage where people stay.

What Miyashita Park proved is simple: returns and people are not a zero-sum game. The opposite, in fact — rents held because it was a place people wanted to stay, and the park endures because the income structure is sound. The condition for a beloved space is not goodwill. It is a structure that keeps standing. Only on secured returns does continuity emerge, and only with continuity does a space earn the time to be loved.

So we believe the definition of success in development must change: not the sell-out, but whether the lights are on along that street five years after completion — whether people drop by for no particular reason. We place that question first on every space we build. And we would like to hand the same question back to the industry: the building going up somewhere right now — five years from tonight, whose responsibility is its evening?